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Faculty of Chemistry

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Welcome to the Faculty of Chemistry

In order take the sustainability and environmental compatibility into account the research foci in chemistry have changed during the last years. The enormous importance of chemistry in economy, i.e. energy supply, development of new materials, pharmaceutical research and biotechnology, is unambiguous. The close collaboration of the Faculty of Chemistry with natural scientists and engineers of the University Stuttgart, as well as with scientists of the local Max-Planck-, Fraunhofer-, and Textile Chemistry and Chemical Fibers Institute, provides a considerable location advantage.

 

Abstracts of new Publications

 
Publikation in Angewandte Chemie
The Inherent Single-Molecule Magnet Character of Trivalent Uranium
We describe three structurally unrelated uranium(III) coordination complexes, which all show single-molecule magnet (SMM) properties. Hence, the important conclusion from this work is that the SMM behavior of uranium(III) is not closely linked to specific symmetries or ligand surroundings, which greatly increases the potential of this ion for the development of improved SMMs.
by Fabrizio Moro, David P. Mills, Stephen T. Liddle und Joris van Slageren
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 52, 3430 - 3433 (2013)
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208015
For further information contact
Prof. Joris van Slageren
Institute of Physical Chemistry
University of Stuttgart
Publication in Angewandte Chemie
Triazenides and NO2 as „suspect“ ligands
Depending on substituents and metal configuration the triazenides [RNNNR] can act as EPR-spectroscopically detectable triazenyl radical ligands in metal complexes. Triazenyls are related to the hitherto unused nitrogen dioxide radical ligand, [NO2]. The number of potentially noninnocent (“suspect”) ligands is thus significantly higher than previously assumed.
by Fabian Ehret, Martina Bubrin, Stanislav Záliš and Wolfgang Kaim
Angewandte Chemie, 2013
DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209260
For further information contact
Prof. Wolfgang Kaim
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
University of Stuttgart
TOP 15 Paper in Chemical Science
Asymmetric Michael additions of a-cyanoacetates by soft Lewis acid / hard Brønsted acid catalysis: stereodivergency with bi- vs monometallic catalysts
The direct asymmetric conjugate addition of α-cyanoacetates to enones generating densely functionalized a-amino acid precursors with adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereocenters is described comparing mono- and bis-palladacycle catalysts. This paper features the complementary value of mono- and bimetallic catalysis in a case study using related catalyst systems. Different major diastereomers of the 1,4-addition products are formed by the use of the planar chiral mono- and bimetallic catalyst systems and provide access to epimeric amino acid derivatives. Both catalyst types require the use of a Brønsted acid (HOAc) as a co-catalyst to avoid an undesired ß-hydride elimination. Kinetic studies show that the C-C bond forming step takes place almost instantaneously with the bis-palladium complex after productive substrate coordination. This extraordinarily high reactivity for an elementary step generating a sterically demanding linkage of a quaternary and a tertiary stereocenter stresses the cooperativity of both metal centers.
by S. H. Eitel, S. Jautze, W. Frey, R. Peters
Chemical Science, 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3SC50419K
For further information contact
Prof. Rene Peters
Institute of Organic Chemistry
University of Stuttgart
Publication in Advanced Materials
Hydrogen-Bond Reinforced Vanadia Nanofiber Paper of High Stiffness
In this work, it is demonstrated the self-assembly of vanadia nanofibers into a free-standing, paper-like material of extraordinary mechanical properties stiffness (45 GPa) and strength (220 GPa), as well as high mechanical flexibility (toughness 500 kJm-3). The mechanical performance of our material clearly outperforms that of paper-like films comprised of carbon nanostructures like carbon nanotubes or graphene oxide. As evidenced by our microscopic analysis, this outstanding mechanical performance results from an architecture closely resembling that of structural biomaterials like nacre. In fact, similar to its natural counterparts, the vanadia paper effectively combines a stiff inorganic component in the form of single-crystalline oxide nanofibers with a soft component constituted by a hydrogen-bonded water network between the fibers. Another common feature is the hierarchical organization of the basic components, specifically the slabs of nanofibers are laterally assembled into lamellar-like structures which in turn are vertically stacked with inclusion of a water layer in between. The aforementioned properties, complemented by the good in-plane electrical conductivity and ion intercalation capability of the vanadia paper, render this material superior to previously reported paper-like films, in terms of both its microstructure and application potential.
by Zaklina Burghard, * Andreas Leineweber, Peter A. van Aken, Thomas Dufaux, Marko Burghard, and Joachim Bill
Advanced Materials, 2013
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300135
Prof. Joachim Bill
Institut für Materialwissenschaft
Universität Stuttgart
Micropumps - Nature Communications
One-piece micropumps from liquid crystalline core-shell particles
Responsive polymers are low-cost, light weight and flexible, and thus an attractive class of materials for the integration into micromechanical and lab-on-chip systems. Triggered by external stimuli, liquid crystalline elastomers are able to perform mechanical motion and can be utilized as microactuators. Here we present the fabrication of one-piece micropumps from liquid crystalline core-shell elastomer particles via a microfluidic double-emulsion process, the continuous nature of which enables a low-cost and rapid production. The liquid crystalline elastomer shell contains a liquid core, which is reversibly pumped into and out of the particle by actuation of the liquid crystalline shell in a jellyfish-like motion. The liquid crystalline elastomer shells have the potential to be integrated into a microfluidic system as micropumps that do not require additional components, except passive channel connectors and a trigger for actuation. This renders elaborate and high-cost micromachining techniques, which are otherwise required for obtaining microstructures with pump function, unnecessary.
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by  Eva-Kristina Fleischmann, Hsin-Ling Liang, Nadia Kapernaum, Frank Giesselmann,
Jan Lagerwall and Rudolf Zentel
Nature Communications, November 2012
DOI:10.1038/ncomms2193
Prof. Frank Giesselmann
Institute of Physical Chemistry
University of Stuttgart
Tel. 0711/685-64478
Highly Active Catalysts for Asymmetric Aza-Claisen Rearrangements - JACS Publication
Paramagnetic Palladacycles with PdIII Centers are Highly Active Catalysts
A combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods—XANES, EXAFS, X-ray, 1H NMR, EPR, Mössbauer, and cyclic voltammetry—demonstrate that the most efficient Pd catalysts for the asymmetric rearrangement of allylic trifluoroacetimidates unexpectedly possess in the activated oxidized form a PdIII center bound to a ferrocene core which remains unchanged (FeII) during the oxidative activation. These are the first recognized PdIII complexes acting as enantioselective catalysts.
by S. H. Eitel, M. Bauer, D. Schweinfurth, N. Deibel, B. Sarkar, H. Kelm, H.-J. Krüger, W. Frey, R. Peters
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 4683–4693.
Prof. René Peters
Institute of Organic Chemistry
University of Stuttgart
Tel. 0711/685-64330
Template-directed solid phase synthesis
Publication in Angewandte Chemie
by Andreas Kaiser, Sebastian Spies und Clemens Richert*
For details see Angewandte Chemie, Juli 2012
DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203859
* Prof. Clemens Richert
Institute of Organic Chemistry
University of Stuttgart
Tel. 0711/685-64311
Publication in JACS
Isolation of ZnO-binding 12-mer peptides and determination of their binding epitopes by NMR spectroscopy
Organic-inorganic hybrid materials are a highly topical research field combining the scientific disciplines of materials science, nanotechnology, and biotechnology. Especially, the specific interactions of peptides with inorganic materials for surface functionalization, sensing applications, or biomineralization approaches are in the focus of interest. Peptides, built up by the combination of amino acid residues with various functional groups, are ideal candidates for the molecular recognition of an inorganic target material. Peptides from a random peptide library which interact with the polar surfaces (0001) and (000-1) of single crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) were identified by phage display (PD). The peptides’ molecular interaction sides leading to the ZnO-binding were determined with a label-free nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach. In this study, we identified the pH dependent binding sites of the peptide-ZnO interaction on the atomic level and accounted ionic and polar forces for this effect. The combined approach of PD and NMR was exemplarily shown for ZnO-binding peptides, but it can be generalized for other target substrates. To broaden the understanding of the molecular basis of the peptide binding to inorganic materials is a step further towards a rational design of specifically interacting peptides for technical applications.
by Dirk Rothenstein, Birgit Claasen, Beatrice Omiecienski, Patricia Lammel, and Joachim Bill
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012
DOI: 0.1021/ja302211w
For further information please contact
Prof. Joachim Bill
Institute of Materials Science
University of Stuttgart
Publication in Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Synthesis of Macroporous Polystyrene by the Polymerization of Foamed Emulsions
An ideal template for the production of macroporous polystyrene can be prepared from foamed oil-in-water emulsions containing styrene, water, glycerol, and sodium dodecylsulfate. After addition of a photoinitiator the mixture is polymerized with UV light and the foam structure of the precursor is transferred to the polymer. The resulting materials display densely packed cells with windows between adjacent pores (see SEM image; scale bar: 250 µm).
by Dr. Fabian Schüler, Debora Schamel, Dr. Anniina Salonen, Dr. Wiebke Drenckhan, Prof. Dr. Michael D. Gilchrist, Prof. Dr. Cosima Stubenrauch
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51
DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107806
For further information please contact
Prof. Cosima Stubenrauch
Institute of Physical Chemistry
Universität Stuttgart
Publication in JACS
Water- and Ionic-Liquid-Soluble Branched Polythiophenes Bearing Anionic and Cationic Moieties
The synthesis of ionically functionalized branched polythiophenes with either carboxylic acid (anionic, P3T-COOH) or methylimidazolium (cationic, P3T-MIM) end groups is presented. Due to the large number of end groups present in the polymer, the functionalization has a major impact on the solubility of the polymers. In the case of P3T-COOH, the polymer shows a fully reversible phase transfer between organic solvents and water, depending on the pH. Remarkably, the ionic-liquid-modified polymer P3T-MIM is soluble in a room-temperature ionic liquid. The absorption properties are unaffected by the functional end groups.
by Thomas V. Richter, Christian Bühler and Sabine Ludwigs
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 2012, 43
For further information please contact
Prof. Sabine Ludwigs
Institute of Polymer Chemistry
Universität Stuttgart
Publication in Advanced Materials
Anisotropic Charge Transport in Spherulitic Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is one of the most important semiconducting polymers for organic photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Yet, because of the structural complexity of semicrystalline polymers, comparatively little is known conclusively about the relationship between charge transport and microstructure in P3HT-containing semiconductors. This lack of information arises mainly from an inability to manufacture samples with spontaneous long-range crystalline order approaching macroscopic dimensions, that allow characterisation in a similar fashion to inorganic single crystals. We have overcome this limitation and grown well-ordered P3HT spherulites, suffi ciently large to measure charge transport within single oriented crystal domains, enabling measurements of the charge mobility both parallel and perpendicular to the characteristic π -stacked nanocrystalline lamellae and across spherulite boundaries.
by Edward J. W. Crossland , Kim Tremel , Florian Fischer , Khosrow Rahimi , Günter Reiter , Ullrich Steiner and Sabine Ludwigs
Adv. Mat. 2012
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104284
For further information please contact
Prof. Sabine Ludwigs
Institute of Polymer Chemistry
Universität Stuttgart
VIP paper in Angewandte Chemie, Int. Ed.
Na11Hg52: Complexity in a Polar Metal
The mercury puzzle: Using the new technique of electrocrystallization the sodium mercury alloy Na11Hg52 could be obtained in a phase pure form. This amalgam is a key component in the industrially important chlor-alkali process. The combination of different bonding situations in this phase results in it having the typical properties of a “bad” metal.
by Constantin Hoch* and Arndt Simon
Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed., 2012, 51, 1-5 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108064
For further information please contact
Dr. Constantin Hoch
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
University Stuttgart
Advanced Materials Article
Virus-Templated Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures and Formation of Field-Effect Transistors
A novel bio-inspired approach to the fabrication of nanostructured functional devices is presented. ZnO nanowires are formed by self-assembly of nanosized ZnO building blocks controlled by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) templates at nearly ambient conditions. This process allows the integration of TMV/ZnO nanostructures into field effect transistors (FETs) with prestructured electrodes in a bottom gate/bottom contact arrangement. The FETs operate as-deposited, including the intact viral material, without any further post-treatment. Furthermore, the electronic performance of the TMV/ZnO films showed remarkable differences to ZnO, which was deposited by an identical chemical bath deposition procedure on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with carboxylate termination or on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The FETs with the SAM/ZnO semiconductor exhibited charge carrier mobilities two orders of magnitude lower than those obtained with TMV/ZnO, and also a drastically higher threshold voltage. The DNA/ZnO material showed even inferior values. These results suggest that TMV does not only function as a structural scaffold, but also has an obvious effect on the properties of the semiconducting layer, indicating an electron injection capability of the TMV templates.
by Petia Atanasova *, Dirk Rothenstein , Jörg J. Schneider , Rudolf C. Hoffmann , Stefan Dilfer , Sabine Eiben, Christina Wege , Holger Jeske, and Joachim Bill
Advanced Materials 23, 2011, 4918
For futher information please contact
Prof. Joachim Bill
Institute of Materials Science
University Stuttgart
Nature Chemistry Article
The Total Synthesis of Hyperpapuanone, Hyperibone L, epi-Clusianone and Oblongifolin A
Polyprenylated polycyclic acylphloroglucines (PPAP) are a family of natural products which possess a wide range of different important biological activities which are the consequence of position and configuration of four substituents decorating one common central bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione core. The rigid bicyclic framework with its lipophilic sidechains and its hydrophilic trione moiety represents a nature-derived lead structure that arranges the substituents R1 – R4 into a defined topographical orientation. Since the substituents are responsible for the biological activities the seven-step synthetic approach presented in this manuscript sets the stage for an iterative introduction of R1 – R4 thus generating structurally diverse trans-type B PPAP. Four natural and one non-natural trans-type B PPAPs were prepared starting from acetylacetone with overall yields ranging from 6 to 22 %. The concept of separating framework construction from decorating transformations plus the minimization of protecting group operations are the key issues for the realization of our synthetic approach
by Nicole Biber, Katrin Möws, and Bernd Plietker*
Nature Chemistry online 16.10.2011 doi:doi:10.1038/nchem.1170
For further information please contact
Prof. Bernd Plietker
Institute of Organic Chemistry
University Stuttgart
Nature Communication Article
Encapsulation of Single-molecule magnets in carbon nanotubes
Next-generation electronic, photonic or spintronic devices will be based on nanoscale functional units, such as quantum dots, isolated spin centres or single-molecule magnets. The key challenge is the coupling of the nanoscale units to the macroscopic world, which is essential for read and write purposes. Carbon nanotubes with one macroscopic and two nanoscopic dimensions provide an excellent means to achieve this coupling. Although the dimensions of nanotube internal cavities are suitable for hosting a wide range of different molecules, to our knowledge, no examples of molecular magnets inserted in nanotubes have been reported to date. Here we report the successful encapsulation of single-molecule magnets in carbon nanotubes, yielding a new type of hybrid nanostructure that combines all the key single-molecule magnet properties of the guest molecules with the functional properties of the host nanotube. The findings may pave the way to the construction of spintronic or ultrahigh-density magnetic data storage devices.
by M. C. Giménez-López, F. Moro, A. La Torre, C.J. Gómez-García, P. D. Brown, J. van Slageren & A. N. Khlobystov
Nature Communications Volume:2, Article number:407 doi:10.1038/ncomms1415
For further information please contact
Prof. Joris van Slageren
Institute of Physical Chemistry
University Stuttgart
Tel. 0711/685-64380
Nature Chemistry Paper
A delocalised arene-bridged diuranium single molecule magnet
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are compounds that, below a blocking temperature, exhibit stable magnetization purely of molecular origin, and not caused by long-range ordering of magnetic moments in the bulk. They thus show promise for applications such as data storage of ultra-high density. The stability of the magnetization increases with increasing ground-state spin and magnetic anisotropy. Transition-metal SMMs typically possess high-spin ground states, but insufficient magnetic anisotropies. Lanthanide SMMs exhibit large magnetic anisotropies, but building high-spin ground states is difficult because they tend to form ionic bonds that limit magnetic exchange coupling. In contrast, the significant covalent bonding and large spin–orbit contributions associated with uranium are particularly attractive for the development of improved SMMs. Here we report a delocalized arene-bridged diuranium SMM. This study demonstrates that arenebridged polyuranium clusters can exhibit SMM behaviour without relying on the superexchange coupling of spins. This approach may lead to increased blocking temperatures.
by D. P. Mills, F. Moro, J. McMaster, J. van Slageren, W. Lewis, A. J. Blake, S. T. Liddle
Nature Chem., 3, 454 - 460 (2011) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1028
For further information please contact
Prof. Joris van Slageren
Institute of Physical Chemistry
University Stuttgart
Tel. 0711/685-64380
Nature Chemistry Paper
Efficient enzyme-free copying of all four nucleobases templated by immobilized RNA
The transition from inanimate materials to the earliest forms of life must have involved multiplication of a catalytically active polymer that is able to replicate. The semiconservative replication that is characteristic of genetic information transfer requires strands that contain more than one type of nucleobase. Short strands of RNA can act as catalysts, but attempts to induce efficient self-copying of mixed sequences (containing four different nucleobases) have been unsuccessful with ribonucleotides. Here we show that inhibition by spent monomers, formed by the hydrolysis of the activated nucleotides, is the cause for incomplete extension of growing daughter strands on RNA templates. Immobilization of strands and periodic displacement of the solution containing the activated monomers overcome this inhibition. Any of the four nucleobases (A/C/G/U) is successfully copied in the absence of enzymes. We conclude therefore that in a prebiotic world, oligoribonucleotides may have formed and undergone self-copying on surfaces.
by Christopher Deck, Mario Jauker and Clemens Richert*
PUBLISHED ONLINE in Nature Chemistry: 10 JULY 2011 | DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.1086
* Prof. Clemens Richert
Institute of Organic Chemistry
University Stuttgart
Tel. 0711/685-64311
TOP 11 among the downloads JCP in May 2011
Explicitly correlated multireference configuration interaction with multiple reference functions: Avoided crossings and conical intersections
We develop an explicitly correlated multireference configuration interaction method (MRCI-F12) with multiple reference functions. It can be routinely applied to nearly degenerate molecular electronic structures near conical intersections and avoided crossings, where the reference functions are strongly mixed in the correlated wave function. This work is a generalization of the MRCI-F12 method for electronic ground states, reported earlier by Shiozaki et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 034113 (2011)]10.1063/1.3528720. The so-called F12b approximation is used to arrive at computationally efficient formulas. The doubly external part of the wave function is expanded in terms of internally contracted configurations generated from all the reference functions. In addition, we introduce a singles correction to the CASSCF reference energies, which is applicable to multi-state calculations. As examples, we present numerical results for the avoided crossing of LiF, excited states of ozone, and the H2 + OH (A2Σ+) reaction.
Toru Shiozaki and Hans-Joachim Werner
J. Chem. Phys. 134, 184104 (2011); doi:10.1063/1.3587632
For further information please contact
Prof. Hans-Joachim Werner
Institut für Theoretische Chemie
Tel. 0711/685-64401
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New Materials with High Li-Motion
Hot article: high download number in autumn 2010 (ZAAC)
New materials with high Li-Motion were synthesized and characterized by the group of Prof. Niewa, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart.See:
Daniel Bräunling, Oliver Pecher, Dmytro M. Trots, Anatoliy Senyshyn, Dmitry A. Zherebtsov, Frank Haarmann, Rainer Niewa, ZAAC 636(6), 936-946, (2010)
doi: 10.1002/zaac.201000002

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